हाइगेंस का सिद्धांत और तरंग प्रसार

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The propagation of waves (like light and sound) can be explained through various models. The principle that provides a geometrical construction for finding the position of a new wavefront from an old one is the हाइगेंस का सिद्धांत (Huygens' Principle), formulated by the Dutch physicist Christiaan Huygens in the 17th century.

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हाइगेंस के सिद्धांत का कथन

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Huygens' Principle consists of two main postulates:

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\nअभिधारणा 1: द्वितीयक तरंगिकाएँ: Every point on a wavefront may be considered as a source of **secondary wavelets** (or spherical secondary disturbances) which spread out in all directions in the medium with the speed of the wave.
\nअभिधारणा 2: नया तरंगदैर्घ्य: The new position of the wavefront at any later time is the **envelope** (the surface tangent) to all the secondary wavelets emanating from the old wavefront.

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अनुप्रयोग और महत्व

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Huygens' Principle is crucial because it provides a method to:

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Explain the phenomena of **reflection** and **refraction** based on wave theory, confirming that light behaves as a wave.
Explain the propagation of light in various media, including anisotropic crystals.

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Other options are incorrect: **डॉप्लर का सिद्धांत** explains the change in wave frequency due to relative motion; the **अध्यारोपण का सिद्धांत** explains the net effect of two or more waves crossing; and **फर्मेट का सिद्धांत** states that light travels along the path that takes the least time.

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Therefore, the principle described is हाइगेंस का सिद्धांत।

Physics Set 2

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